Vessel Condition

The operator should assure that a vessel is in top operating condition and that there are no tripping hazards or sharp edges exposed. The vessel should be free of fire hazards and have clean bilges.


Loading your Vessel

Keep the load low and evenly distributed. Do not exceed the "U.S. Coast Guard Maximum Capacities" label. If there is no capacity label use the following formula to determine the maximum number of persons you can safely carry in calm weather:

People = (Length of Boat X Width)
15

Length is determined by measuring in straight line from the foremost part to the aftermost of the vessel, parallel to the centerline, exclusive of sheer. Bowsprits, rudders, outboard motors and similar fittings are not included in the measurement. However, as this formula is applicable only to monohull boats less than 20ft in length, consideration need be made of the boat’s design and the possible effects maximum occupation may have on its stability and safe operation.


Anchoring

To anchor, bring the bow into the wind or current and put the engine in neutral. When the vessel comes to a stop, lower, do not throw, the anchor over the bow. The anchor line should be 5 to 7 times the depth of water.


Stern Anchoring

Anchoring a small boat by the stern has caused many to capsize and sink. The transom is usually squared off and has less freeboard than the bow. In a current, the stern can be pulled under by the force of the water. The boat is also vulnerable to swamping by wave action. The weight of a motor, fuel tank, or other gear in the stern increases the risk. Do not anchor by the stern!!


Fueling Precautions

Fill portable tanks off the vessel. Close all hatches and other openings before fueling. Extinguish smoking materials. Turn off engines, all electrical equipment, radios, stoves and other appliances.

Wipe up any spilled fuel immediately. Open all hatches to air out the vessel. Run the blower for at least four minutes, and then check the bilges for fuel vapors before starting the engine. NEVER start the engine until all traces of fuel vapors are eliminated. Your nose is the best known vapor detector.




Fuel Management

Practice the "One-Third Rule" by using one-third of the fuel going out, one-third to get back and one-third in reserve.


Marine Rated Parts

Do not use Automotive Parts to replace such items as starters, distributors, alternators, generators, carburetors, fuel pumps etc. because they are not ignition protected and could cause a fire or explosion.


Float Plan

Tell a friend or relative where you are going and when you plan to return. Make sure they have a complete description of your vessel and other information that will make identification easier should the need arise. An example is provided on page 47.


Weather

Check weather warnings and forecasts both before leaving shore and while at sea. Remain watchful for signs of bad weather and listen to NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts on your VHF radio.